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The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Toronto ((ラテン語:Archidioecesis Torontinus)) is a Roman Catholic archdiocese that includes part of the Province of Ontario. Its archbishop is also the eccesiatical provincial for the dioceses of Hamilton, London, Saint Catharines, and Thunder Bay. The Archbishop is Cardinal Thomas Christopher Collins (made Cardinal on February 18, 2012), with auxiliary bishops John Anthony Boissonneau, William McGrattan, Vincent Nguyen, and Wayne Kirkpatrick. Former Auxiliary Bishop Peter Joseph Hundt was named Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Corner Brook and Labrador, Newfoundland, by Pope Benedict XVI, on Tuesday, March 1, 2011. On Friday, May 18, 2012, the Pope appointed Monsignor Wayne Kirkpatrick, of the clergy of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Saint Catharines, until then Chairman of the Canadian Canon Law Society, as an Auxiliary Bishop-elect of the Archdiocese and Titular Bishop of Aradi.〔http://www.microsofttranslator.com/BV.aspx?ref=IE8Activity&a=http%3A%2F%2Fpress.catholica.va%2Fnews_services%2Fbulletin%2Fnews%2F29217.php%3Findex%3D29217%26lang%3Den〕 Mass is celebrated within the Archdiocese of Toronto in 36 ethnic and linguistic communities every week making the Archdiocese one of the most ethnically diverse Catholic dioceses in the world. Overall the Archdiocese of Toronto is the largest in Canada. ==History== The diocese was created on December 17, 1841 out of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kingston and covered the western half of Upper Canada. Bishop Michael Power was appointed as the first Bishop. For a complete history, see the (Archdiocese History website ). In the 1840s the major challenge was the huge unexpected influx of very poor immigrants, mostly Irish escaping the Great Famine. The fear was that Protestants might use their material needs as a wedge for evangelization. In response the Church built a network of charitable institutions such as hospitals, schools, boarding homes, and orphanages, to meet the need and keep people inside the faith.〔Murray Nicholson, "The Growth of Roman Catholic Institutions in the Archdiocese of Toronto, 1841-90," in Terrence Murphy and Gerald Stortz, eds, ''Creed and Culture: The Place of English-Speaking Catholics in Canadian Society, 1750 – 1930'' (1993) pp 152-170〕 The church was less successful in dealing with tensions between the French and the Irish Catholic clergy; eventually the Irish took control.〔Paula Maurutto, ''Governing Charities: Church and State in Toronto: Catholic Archdiocese, 1850-1950'' (McGill-Queen's University Press, 2001)〕 Irish Catholics arriving in Toronto faced widespread intolerance and severe discrimination, both social and legislative, leading to several large scale riots between Catholics and Protestants from 1858–1878, culminating in the Jubilee Riots of 1875. The Irish population essentially defined the Catholic population in Toronto until 1890, when German and French Catholics were welcomed to the city by the Irish, but the Irish proportion still remained 90% of the Catholic population. However, various powerful initiatives such as the foundation of St. Michael's College in 1852 (where Marshall McLuhan was to hold the chair of English until his death in 1980), three hospitals, and the most significant charitable organizations in the city (the Society of St. Vincent de Paul) and House of Providence created by Irish Catholic groups strengthened the Irish identity, transforming the Irish presence in the city into one of influence and power. McGowan argues that between 1890 and 1920, the city's Catholics experienced major social, ideological, and economic changes that allowed them to integrate into Toronto society and shake off their second-class status. The Irish Catholics (in contrast to the French) strongly supported Canada's role in the First World War. They broke out of the ghetto and lived in all of Toronto's neighbourhoods. Starting as unskilled labourers, they used high levels of education to move up and were well represented among the lower middle class. Most dramatically, they intermarried with Protestants at an unprecedented rate.〔Mark G. McGowan, ''The Waning of the Green: Catholics, the Irish, and Identity in Toronto, 1887-1922'' (1999)〕 It was raised from a diocese to an archdiocese in 1898, which created the ecclesiastical province of Toronto, which included the suffragan dioceses of Hamilton, London, Saint Catharines, and Thunder Bay. As of 2010, the archdiocese contains 225 parishes, 416 active diocesan priests, 419 religious priests, and 1,853,582 Catholics. It also has 573 Women Religious, 66 Religious Brothers, and 120 permanent deacons. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Toronto」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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